This blog post provides a comprehensive guide to TLS/SSL configuration. It explains in detail what TLS/SSL configuration is, its importance, and its purposes, as well as a step-by-step configuration process. It also highlights common TLS/SSL configuration mistakes and explains how to avoid them. It examines the workings of the TLS/SSL protocol, certificate types, and their properties, emphasizing the balance between security and performance. Practical information such as necessary tools, certificate management, and updates are presented, along with forward-thinking recommendations.

What is TLS/SSL Configuration?

TLS/SSL configurationEncryption is a set of technical regulations designed to ensure secure encryption of communications between web servers and clients. This configuration aims to protect sensitive data (e.g., usernames, passwords, credit card information) from unauthorized access. Essentially, it refers to the process of properly setting up and implementing SSL/TLS protocols to enhance the security of a website or application.

This process is usually a SSL/TLS certificate It begins with obtaining a certificate. A certificate verifies a website's identity and establishes a secure connection between browsers and the server. After the certificate is installed, critical decisions are made on the server, such as which encryption algorithms to use and which protocol versions to support. These settings can directly impact both security and performance.

• Obtaining a Certificate: Purchase an SSL/TLS certificate from a trusted certificate provider.
• Certificate Installation: The received certificate is installed and configured on the web server.
• Protocol Selection: It is decided which versions of the TLS protocol (e.g., TLS 1.2, TLS 1.3) will be used.
• Encryption Algorithms: Secure and up-to-date encryption algorithms are selected.
• HTTP Redirect: HTTP requests are automatically redirected to HTTPS.
• Continuous Monitoring: Certificate validity period and configuration settings are checked regularly.

A correct TLS/SSL configurationNot only does it ensure data security, it also positively impacts search engine rankings. Search engines like Google rank secure websites higher. However, incorrect or incomplete configurations can lead to security vulnerabilities and performance issues. Therefore, managing this process carefully and knowledgeably is crucial.

TLS/SSL configuration It's a continuous process. As new vulnerabilities emerge and protocols evolve, the configuration must be kept up to date. Regularly renewing certificates, avoiding weak encryption algorithms, and applying the latest security patches are vital to ensuring a secure web experience. Each of these steps plays a critical role in protecting the security of your website and your users.

Importance and Purposes of TLS/SSL Configuration

TLS/SSL ConfigurationIn today's digital world, encryption is a cornerstone of data communication security on the internet. This configuration encrypts communication between server and client, preventing sensitive information (usernames, passwords, credit card information, etc.) from being accessed by third parties. This protects both user privacy and the reputation of businesses.

The right choice for a website or application TLS/SSL Configuration, is crucial not only for security but also for SEO (Search Engine Optimization). Search engines prioritize websites with secure connections (HTTPS), which helps your website rank higher in search results. Furthermore, when users see that they're transacting over a secure connection, they'll trust your website more, which positively impacts your conversion rates.

Benefits of TLS/SSL Configuration
• Protects data confidentiality and integrity.
• It increases the confidence of users.
• Improves SEO rankings.
• Facilitates compliance with legal regulations (GDPR, KVKK, etc.).
• Provides protection against phishing attacks.
• Optimizes website performance.

TLS/SSL ConfigurationOne of the main purposes of is to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, also known as MITM (Man-in-the-Middle). In these types of attacks, malicious actors can intervene between two communicating parties and listen in on or modify the communication. TLS/SSL Configuration, maximizes data security by neutralizing these types of attacks. This way, your users' and your business's critical data remains safe.

Comparison of TLS/SSL Protocols

Protocol	Security Level	Performance	Areas of Use
SSL 3.0	Low (Vulnerabilities exist)	High	It should no longer be used.
TLS 1.0	Medium (Some vulnerabilities exist)	Middle	It has begun to be discontinued.
TLS 1.2	High	Good	The most widely used secure protocol.
TLS 1.3	Highest	The best	New generation, faster and more secure protocol.

A successful TLS/SSL ConfigurationIt's not just a technical necessity, but also a strategic investment that improves user experience and increases brand value. A secure website creates a positive perception in the subconscious of users and encourages loyalty. Therefore, TLS/SSL ConfigurationTaking it seriously and continually updating it is critical to long-term success.

TLS/SSL Configuration Step by Step

TLS/SSL configurationThis is a critical process for ensuring the security of your website and servers. This process requires following the correct steps and avoiding common mistakes. Otherwise, your sensitive data could be compromised and your users' privacy could be compromised. In this section, we'll focus on how to configure TLS/SSL step-by-step, examining each step in detail.

First, you need to obtain a TLS/SSL certificate. These certificates are issued by a trusted Certificate Authority (CA). The choice of certificate can vary depending on the needs of your website or application. For example, a basic certificate may be sufficient for a single domain, while a certificate covering multiple subdomains (a wildcard certificate) may be more suitable. When choosing a certificate, it's important to consider factors such as the CA's reliability and the certificate's cost.

Different TLS/SSL Certificate Types and Comparison

Certificate Type	Scope	Verification Level	Features
Domain Validated (DV)	Single Domain Name	Basis	Fast and Economical
Organization Validated (OV)	Single Domain Name	Middle	Company Information Verified
Extended Validation (EV)	Single Domain Name	High	Company Name Displayed in the Address Bar
Wildcard Certificate	Domain Name and All Subdomains	Variable	Flexible and Convenient

After obtaining your certificate, you need to configure TLS/SSL on your server. This may vary depending on your server software (e.g., Apache, Nginx). Typically, you'll need to place the certificate file and private key file in your server's configuration directory and enable TLS/SSL in the server configuration file. You can also specify which TLS protocols and encryption algorithms to use in the server configuration. For security reasons, it's recommended to use up-to-date and secure protocols and algorithms.

TLS/SSL Configuration Steps
1. Obtain a TLS/SSL certificate from a Certificate Authority (CA).
2. Generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
3. Upload the certificate file and private key file to your server.
4. Enable TLS/SSL in the server configuration file (for example, in Apache VirtualHost configuration).
5. Configure secure TLS protocols (TLS 1.2 or higher) and strong encryption algorithms.
6. Restart your server or reload the configuration.
7. Use online tools (for example, SSL Labs) to test your TLS/SSL configuration.

It's important to regularly test and update your TLS/SSL configuration. Online tools like SSL Labs can help you identify vulnerabilities in your configuration and make remediation. Additionally, you shouldn't let your certificates expire, as this could result in security warnings for your users. Certificate management and updates should be an ongoing process to maintain a secure website or application.

Common TLS/SSL Configuration Mistakes

TLS/SSL Configurationis critical for securing websites and applications. However, mistakes made during this configuration process can lead to security vulnerabilities and data breaches. In this section, we'll examine the most common TLS/SSL configuration errors and their potential consequences.

A misconfigured TLS/SSL certificate can compromise users' sensitive information. For example, an expired certificate is not considered trustworthy by browsers and will trigger security warnings for users. This damages a website's reputation and reduces user trust. Furthermore, using weak encryption algorithms or incorrect protocol selections also increases security risks.

Error Type	Explanation	Possible Results
Expired Certificates	TLS/SSL certificate expiration.	Security alerts, loss of users, loss of reputation.
Weak Encryption Algorithms	Use of insufficiently secure encryption algorithms.	Vulnerability to data breaches and attacks.
Incorrect Protocol Selections	Using old and insecure protocols (such as SSLv3).	Man-in-the-middle attacks, data exfiltration.
Wrong Certificate Chain	The certificate chain is not configured correctly.	Browser warnings, trust issues.

To avoid these errors, it's important to regularly check certificate expiration dates, use strong encryption algorithms, and opt for up-to-date protocols. Additionally, ensure the certificate chain is configured correctly. Correct configurationis the foundation of securing your website and applications.

TLS/SSL Configuration Error Examples

Many different TLS/SSL configuration error Some of these can occur server-side, while others can occur client-side. For example, an error in a web server's TLS/SSL settings can affect the entire site, while an incorrect browser setting can only affect that user.

Causes and Solutions for Errors
• Failure to Follow the Certificate Expiration Date: Certificates are not renewed regularly. Solution: Use automatic certificate renewal systems.
• Use of Weak Encryption: Using old, weak algorithms like MD5 or SHA1. Solution: Opt for SHA256 or stronger algorithms.
• HSTS Incorrect Configuration: HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) header is set incorrectly. Solution: Configure HSTS with the correct parameters and add it to the preload list.
• OCSP Stapling Not Enabled: Not enabling OCSP (Online Certificate Status Protocol) stapling can cause delays in certificate validity checks. Solution: Improve performance by enabling OCSP stapling.
• Not Patching Security Vulnerabilities: Security vulnerabilities in server software are not patched with current patches. Solution: Perform regular security updates.
• Mixed Use of HTTP and HTTPS: Serving some resources over HTTP weakens security. Solution: Serve all resources over HTTPS and configure HTTP redirects correctly.

In addition to these errors, inadequate key management, outdated protocols, and weak cipher suites are also common problems. Key managementmeans storing certificates securely and keeping their accessibility under control.

Mistakes in TLS/SSL configuration can lead not only to security vulnerabilities but also to performance issues. Therefore, it's crucial to be careful during the configuration process and conduct regular security testing.

Working Principle of TLS/SSL Protocol

TLS/SSL Configurationplays a critical role in securing data communication over the internet. This protocol encrypts communication between the client (such as a web browser) and the server, preventing third parties from accessing that data. Essentially, the TLS/SSL protocol ensures data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.

The primary purpose of the TLS/SSL protocol is to establish a secure communication channel. This process consists of a complex series of steps, each designed to increase the security of the communication. By combining symmetric and asymmetric encryption methods, the protocol provides both fast and secure communication.

Basic Algorithms Used in the TLS/SSL Protocol

Algorithm Type	Algorithm Name	Explanation
Symmetric Encryption	AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)	It uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt data. It is fast and efficient.
Asymmetric Encryption	RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman)	It uses different keys (public and private) for encryption and decryption. It ensures security during key exchange.
Hash Functions	SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256-bit)	It is used to verify the integrity of data. Any change to the data changes the hash value.
Key Exchange Algorithms	Diffie-Hellman	Provides secure key exchange.

When a secure connection is established, all data between the client and server is encrypted. This ensures the safe transmission of credit card information, usernames, passwords, and other sensitive data. A correctly configured TLS/SSL protocol, increases the reliability of your website and application and protects your users' data.

TLS/SSL Protocol Stages

The TLS/SSL protocol consists of several stages. These stages establish a secure connection between the client and server. Each stage includes specific security mechanisms designed to increase the security of the communication.

Key Terms Related to TLS/SSL Protocol
• Handshake: The process of establishing a secure connection between client and server.
• Certificate: Digital document that verifies the identity of the server.
• Encryption: The process of making data unreadable.
• Decryption: The process of making encrypted data readable.
• Symmetric Key: A method where the same key is used for encryption and decryption.
• Asymmetric Key: A method where different keys are used for encryption and decryption.

Encryption Types Used in TLS/SSL Protocol

The types of encryption used in the TLS/SSL protocol are critical to ensuring communication security. A combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms provides the best results in terms of both security and performance.

Asymmetric encryption is usually performing key exchanges securely While symmetric encryption is used to quickly encrypt large amounts of data, the combination of these two methods allows the TLS/SSL protocol to provide strong security.

Types and Features of TLS/SSL Certificates

TLS/SSL Configuration During the process, choosing the right certificate type is critical to your website's security and performance. There are a variety of TLS/SSL certificates available on the market to suit different needs and security levels. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and making the right choice is crucial for both user trust and maximizing data security.

One of the most important factors to consider when selecting a certificate is its validation level. The validation level indicates how rigorously the certificate provider verifies the identity of the organization requesting the certificate. Higher validation levels provide greater reliability and are generally more preferred by users. This is especially important for websites that handle sensitive data, such as e-commerce sites and financial institutions.

Types of Certificates: Advantages and Disadvantages

• Domain Validation (DV) Certificates: This is the most basic and fastest type of certificate to obtain. It only verifies domain ownership. Its low cost makes it suitable for small-scale websites or blogs. However, it offers the lowest level of security.
• Organization Validation (OV) Certificates: The organization's identity is verified. This provides greater trust than DV certificates. Ideal for mid-sized businesses.
• Extended Validation (EV) Certificates: These certificates have the highest level of validation. The certificate provider thoroughly verifies the organization's identity. A green lock and the organization's name appear in the browser address bar, providing users with the highest level of trust. Recommended for e-commerce sites and financial institutions.
• Wildcard Certificates: It secures all subdomains of a domain (for example, *.example.com) with a single certificate. It provides ease of management and is a cost-effective solution.
• Multi-Domain Name (SAN) Certificates: It secures multiple domains with a single certificate. It's useful for businesses with different projects or brands.

The table below compares the key features and usage areas of different TLS/SSL certificate types. This comparison: TLS/SSL Configuration It will help you choose the right certificate during the certification process. When choosing a certificate, it's important to consider your website's needs, budget, and security requirements.

Certificate Type	Verification Level	Areas of Use
Domain Validation (DV)	Basis	Blogs, personal websites, small-scale projects
Organization Verified (OV)	Middle	Medium-sized businesses, corporate websites
Extended Validation (EV)	High	E-commerce sites, financial institutions, applications requiring high security
Wildcard	Variable (can be DV, OV or EV)	Websites using subdomains
Multiple Domain Name (SAN)	Variable (can be DV, OV or EV)	Websites using multiple domains

TLS/SSL Configuration Choosing the right certificate type during the process directly impacts your website's security and reputation. It's important to remember that each certificate type has different advantages and disadvantages, and to choose the one that best suits your needs. It's also crucial to regularly update and properly configure your certificate.

Security and Performance in TLS/SSL Configuration

TLS/SSL ConfigurationIt's a critical balancing act between ensuring the security of websites and applications while also directly impacting their performance. Increasing security measures can sometimes negatively impact performance, while tweaking performance optimization can also lead to security vulnerabilities. Therefore, proper configuration requires considering both factors.

Configuration Option	Security Impact	Performance Impact
Protocol Selection (TLS 1.3 vs. TLS 1.2)	TLS 1.3 offers more secure encryption algorithms.	TLS 1.3 is faster with reduced handshake time.
Encryption Algorithms (Cipher Suites)	Strong encryption algorithms increase security.	More complex algorithms require more processing power.
OCSP Stapling	Checks certificate validity in real time.	It may impact server performance by adding additional load.
HTTP/2 and HTTP/3	Requires TLS to increase security.	It improves performance with parallel requests and header compression.

Security measures include using up-to-date, strong encryption algorithms, upgrading to secure protocol versions (e.g., TLS 1.3), and running regular vulnerability scans. However, it's important to note that these measures can consume more server resources and, consequently, increase page load times.

Security Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures
• Weak Encryption Algorithms: Should be replaced with strong and updated algorithms.
• Outdated Protocol Versions: You should switch to the latest versions such as TLS 1.3.
• Lack of OCSP Stapling: OCSP stapling must be enabled for certificate validity.
• Incorrect Certificate Configuration: Ensure that certificates are configured correctly.
• Lack of HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS): HSTS should be enabled to ensure that browsers use only secure connections.

To optimize performance, methods such as using modern protocols such as HTTP/2 or HTTP/3, ensuring connection reuse (keep-alive), using compression techniques (e.g., Brotli or Gzip), and disabling unnecessary TLS features can be used. The right balancerequires a continuous evaluation and optimization process between security and performance.

TLS/SSL configurationis a dynamic process that must adapt to both changes in security threats and increased performance requirements. Therefore, regular configuration reviews, security and performance testing, and best practices are crucial.

Tools Required for TLS/SSL Configuration

TLS/SSL configuration, is critical to ensuring a secure web experience, and the tools used in this process play a significant role in the success of the configuration. Choosing the right tools and using them effectively minimizes potential security vulnerabilities and increases system reliability. In this section, TLS/SSL configuration We will touch on the basic tools needed in the process and the features of these tools.

TLS/SSL configuration The tools used in the process allow you to perform various tasks such as certificate creation, server configuration, vulnerability scanning and traffic analysis. Thanks to these tools, administrators TLS/SSL They can easily configure settings, detect potential issues, and continuously monitor system security. Each tool has its own advantages and uses, so choosing the right tool should fit the project's requirements and budget.

Tools Used in TLS/SSL Configuration

• OpenSSL: It is an open source tool used for certificate creation, CSR (Certificate Signing Request) creation and encryption operations.
• Certbot: Let's Encrypt is a tool for automatically obtaining and configuring certificates.
• Nmap: It is a popular tool used for network discovery and security auditing. TLS/SSL can be used to verify that the configuration is correct.
• Wireshark: Analyze network traffic and TLS/SSL It is a packet analysis tool used to examine communication.
• SSL Labs SSL Test: Web server TLS/SSL It is an online tool that analyzes the configuration and detects security vulnerabilities.
• Burp Suite: It is a comprehensive tool used for web application security testing. TLS/SSL helps find weaknesses in the configuration.

In the table below, TLS/SSL configuration Some frequently used tools and their key features are compared. This table is intended to provide a general idea of which tool is best suited for each purpose. Tool selection should be made considering the specific requirements and budget of the project.

Vehicle Name	Key Features	Areas of Use
OpenSSL	Certificate creation, encryption, CSR generation	Certificate management, secure communication
Certbot	Automatic certificate retrieval and configuration (Let's Encrypt)	Web server security, automatic certificate renewal
Nmap	Port scanning, service version detection, vulnerability checking	Network security, system auditing
Wireshark	Network traffic analysis, packet capture	Network troubleshooting, security analysis
SSL Labs SSL Test	Web server TLS/SSL configuration analysis	Web server security, compatibility testing

TLS/SSL configuration It is crucial that the tools used in the process are kept up-to-date and updated regularly. Security vulnerabilities and weaknesses can emerge over time, so using the latest versions of the tools is a critical step in ensuring system security. It is also important to learn how to configure and use the tools correctly. Otherwise, incorrect configurations can lead to security risks. Therefore, TLS/SSL configuration Working with an expert team or receiving the necessary training is one of the best approaches to ensuring a secure web experience.

TLS/SSL Certificate Management and Updates

TLS/SSL ConfigurationCertificates are vital for ensuring the security of websites and applications. However, regularly managing and updating certificates is a critical step for maintaining this security. Certificate management encompasses the processes of monitoring certificate validity periods, renewing them, revoking them, and replacing them when necessary. Proper management of these processes helps prevent potential security vulnerabilities.

Period	Explanation	Importance
Certificate Tracking	Regular monitoring of certificate validity dates.	Prevents certificate expiration.
Certificate Renewal	Renewal of certificates before they expire.	Provides uninterrupted service and security.
Certificate Revocation	Revocation of compromised certificates.	Prevents possible attacks.
Certificate Change	Switching to a different certificate type or updating certificate information.	Adapts to evolving security needs.

Certificate updates are the process of periodically renewing or replacing certificates. These updates may be necessary for a variety of reasons, including changes to security protocols, the discovery of new vulnerabilities, or updates to the certificate provider's policies. Timely updates ensure that your website and applications always comply with the latest security standards.

Certificate Update Process
1. Determine the certificate expiration date.
2. Create a new certificate request (CSR).
3. Obtain the new certificate from the certificate provider.
4. Install the new certificate on your server.
5. Restart your server.
6. Test that the certificate is configured correctly.

Mistakes in certificate management can lead to serious security issues. For example, an expired certificate can cause problems for users accessing your website and even trigger a security warning from browsers. This undermines user trust and negatively impacts your website's reputation. Therefore, careful and orderly execution of certificate management processes is of great importance.

You can streamline these processes by using certificate management tools and automation systems. These tools can automatically track certificate expiration dates, streamline renewals, and detect misconfigurations. This saves you time and minimizes security risks.

Conclusion and Future Recommendations

In this article, TLS/SSL configuration We've taken a deep dive into the topic. We've covered what TLS/SSL is, why it's important, how to configure it step by step, common mistakes, operating principles, certificate types, security and performance considerations, essential tools, and certificate management. We hope you've found this information crucial for securing your website and applications.

Things to Consider in TLS/SSL Configuration

• Use the latest TLS protocols (TLS 1.3 is preferred).
• Avoid weak encryption algorithms.
• Update and renew your certificates regularly.
• Ensure that the Certificate Chain is configured correctly.
• Enable security features such as OCSP Stapling and HSTS.
• Keep your web server and TLS/SSL libraries up to date.

In the table below, we've summarized the security levels and recommended use cases of different TLS protocols.

Protocol	Security Level	Recommended Use Case	Notes
SSL 3.0	Very Low (Deprecated)	Should not be used	Vulnerable to POODLE attack.
TLS 1.0	Low (Deprecated)	Situations requiring compatibility with legacy systems (not recommended)	Vulnerable to BEAST attack.
TLS 1.1	Middle	Situations requiring compatibility with legacy systems (not recommended)	It should not use the RC4 encryption algorithm.
TLS 1.2	High	Suitable for most modern systems	It should be used with secure encryption algorithms.
TLS 1.3	Highest	Highly recommended for new projects and modern systems	It is a faster and more secure protocol.

It should not be forgotten that security is a continuous process. Your TLS/SSL configuration Regularly review it, test it for vulnerabilities, and follow best practices. Because cybersecurity threats are constantly evolving, staying current and being proactive is vital.

TLS/SSL configuration can be complex. Seeking professional help or consulting a security expert can be a wise investment in securing your website and applications. Never compromise on your security.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the main purpose of TLS/SSL configuration for websites and applications?

The primary purpose of TLS/SSL configuration is to ensure secure encryption of data transmitted between websites and applications. This prevents unauthorized access to sensitive information (passwords, credit card information, personal data, etc.) and protects user privacy.

How can I check the validity of a TLS/SSL certificate and what should I do when it expires?

To check the validity of a TLS/SSL certificate, click the lock icon in your browser's address bar to view the certificate information. You can also use online certificate validation tools. When a certificate expires, you should obtain a new certificate and install it on your server as soon as possible to maintain the security of your website.

Which type of TLS/SSL certificate would be best for my needs and what are the key differences between them?

The most suitable TLS/SSL certificate for your needs depends on the requirements of your website or application. There are three main types of certificates: Domain Validation (DV), Organization Validation (OV), and Extended Validation (EV). DV certificates offer the most basic level of security, while EV certificates provide the highest level of trust and display your company name in the address bar. OV certificates offer a balance between DV and EV certificates. When choosing, you should consider factors such as trust level, budget, and validation process.

What does the 'certificate chain missing' error in TLS/SSL configuration mean and how can it be resolved?

The 'certificate chain is missing' error means that the server doesn't contain all the intermediate certificates needed to validate the certificate. To resolve this issue, you need to download the intermediate certificate chain from your certificate provider and configure it correctly on your server. This is typically done by merging the intermediate certificates in your server configuration file.

What is the importance of the encryption algorithms (cipher suites) used in the TLS/SSL protocol and how should they be configured correctly?

Cipher suites determine the encryption methods used during TLS/SSL connections. Using up-to-date and strong encryption algorithms is crucial for security. Using weak or outdated algorithms can lead to vulnerability to attacks. For proper configuration, you should prioritize strong algorithms that comply with current security standards and disable weak algorithms. You should specify encryption algorithms in your server configuration files (e.g., Apache or Nginx).

How to switch (redirect) from HTTP to HTTPS and what should be taken into consideration during this transition?

Switching from HTTP to HTTPS ensures your entire website is securely served over HTTPS. To achieve this, you'll need to create a configuration on your server that redirects HTTP requests to HTTPS. This can be done through a .htaccess file, a server configuration file (e.g., VirtualHost for Apache), or a plugin. Important considerations include ensuring all resources (images, CSS, JavaScript) are served over HTTPS, updating internal links to HTTPS, and using 301 redirects to signal to search engines that you prefer HTTPS.

What are the effects of TLS/SSL configuration on website performance and what can be done to mitigate these effects?

TLS/SSL configuration can impact website performance due to the connection establishment and data encryption/decryption processes. However, several optimizations can be made to mitigate these effects. These include: enabling Keep-Alive (allows multiple requests to be sent over a single TCP connection), using OCSP Stapling (allows the server to check certificate validity, eliminating the need for the client), using HTTP/2 (a more efficient protocol), and using a CDN (reduces latency by serving content from the server closest to the user).

What should I pay attention to when obtaining a TLS/SSL certificate and which certificate providers should I choose?

When obtaining a TLS/SSL certificate, you should consider the certificate provider's reliability, certificate type, validation process, certificate guarantee, and price. It's also important that the certificate is widely supported by browsers and devices. Trusted certificate providers include Let's Encrypt (free), DigiCert, Sectigo, GlobalSign, and Comodo. It's helpful to compare different providers to choose the one that best suits your needs and budget.

More information: What is SSL?