{"id":9240,"date":"2025-01-27T08:13:00","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T08:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/?p=9240"},"modified":"2025-03-17T11:30:02","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T11:30:02","slug":"pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/","title":{"rendered":"pfSense Qura\u015fd\u0131rma v\u0259 Parametrl\u0259r B\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7isi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>salam! Bu t\u0259limatda <strong>pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>, <strong>pfSense parametrl\u0259ri<\/strong> V\u0259 <strong>pfSense firewall<\/strong> M\u00f6vzular\u0131 \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u00fczakir\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259yik. \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi bax\u0131m\u0131ndan bir \u00e7ox t\u0259\u015fkilat\u0131n v\u0259 f\u0259rdi istifad\u0259\u00e7il\u0259rin se\u00e7imi olan pfSense s\u0259rb\u0259st v\u0259 a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 kodu il\u0259 se\u00e7ilir; O, g\u00fccl\u00fc firewall, \u00e7evik konfiqurasiya se\u00e7iml\u0259ri, y\u00fcks\u0259k miqyasl\u0131l\u0131q v\u0259 daha \u00e7ox \u015fey t\u0259klif edir. Bu yaz\u0131da pfSense-in n\u0259 oldu\u011fu, nec\u0259 quruldu\u011fu v\u0259 hans\u0131 alternativl\u0259rin oldu\u011fu kimi vacib m\u0259qamlar\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259n\u0259r\u0259k d\u00fczg\u00fcn konfiqurasiya add\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ata bil\u0259c\u0259ksiniz.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Nedir\"><\/span>pfSense n\u0259dir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">M\u0259zmun X\u0259rit\u0259si<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"M\u0259zmun C\u0259dv\u0259lini d\u0259yi\u015fin\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">ke\u00e7id<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Nedir\" >pfSense n\u0259dir?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Kurulum_Hazirliklari\" >pfSense Qura\u015fd\u0131rma Haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Kurulum_Asamalari\" >pfSense Qura\u015fd\u0131rma Add\u0131mlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Ayarlari_Onemli_Noktalar\" >pfSense Parametrl\u0259ri: Vur\u011fulamalar<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#1_Firewall_Kurallari_Rules\" >1. Firewall Qaydalar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#2_NAT_Network_Address_Translation\" >2. NAT (\u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u00dcnvan\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#3_DHCP_ve_DNS_Ayarlari\" >3. DHCP v\u0259 DNS Parametrl\u0259ri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#4_VPN_Virtual_Private_Network\" >4. VPN (Virtual \u015e\u0259xsi \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#5_VLAN_Destegi\" >5. VLAN d\u0259st\u0259yi<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSensein_Avantajlari\" >pfSense-in \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSensein_Dezavantajlari\" >pfSense-in \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#Alternatif_Cozumler\" >Alternativ H\u0259ll\u0259r<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#Somut_Ornekler_ve_Senaryolar\" >Konkret N\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 Ssenaril\u0259r<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Konfigurasyon_Sonrasi_Onemli_Adimlar\" >pfSense konfiqurasiyas\u0131ndan sonra vacib add\u0131mlar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#Sikca_Sorulan_Sorular\" >Tez-tez veril\u0259n suallar<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Kurulum_icin_Minimum_Sistem_Gereksinimleri_Nelerdir\" >pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Minimum Sistem T\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri hans\u0131lard\u0131r?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Uzerinde_VPN_Kurmak_Zor_mudur\" >pfSense-d\u0259 VPN qurmaq \u00e7\u0259tindirmi?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#pfSense_Ne_Kadar_Guvenlidir\" >pfSense n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizdir?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/bloq\/pfsense-qurasdirma-parametrl%c9%99ri-firewall\/#Sonuc_ve_Ozet\" >N\u0259tic\u0259 v\u0259 X\u00fclas\u0259<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>pfSense FreeBSD \u0259sasl\u0131d\u0131r <strong>pfSense firewall<\/strong> v\u0259 mar\u015frutla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 h\u0259lli. \u018fn m\u00fcasir avadanl\u0131qlarda i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r <em>virtual cihaz<\/em> kimi d\u0259 istifad\u0259 oluna bil\u0259r. Qura\u015fd\u0131rmaq v\u0259 idar\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00e7ox asand\u0131r v\u0259 interfeysi istifad\u0259\u00e7i dostu olmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi v\u0259 idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si sah\u0259sind\u0259 \u00e7evik yana\u015fma t\u0259klif etm\u0259kl\u0259 f\u0259rql\u0259nir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Kurulum_Hazirliklari\"><\/span>pfSense Qura\u015fd\u0131rma Haz\u0131rl\u0131qlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> Add\u0131mlara davam etm\u0259zd\u0259n \u0259vv\u0259l d\u00fczg\u00fcn haz\u0131rlamaq v\u0259 ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131za uy\u011fun aparat v\u0259 ya virtual m\u00fchit se\u00e7m\u0259k \u00e7ox vacibdir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 diqq\u0259t yetirm\u0259yi t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edir\u0259m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Avadanl\u0131q se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> \u018fg\u0259r pfSense-i fiziki cihazda qura\u015fd\u0131rmaq niyy\u0259tind\u0259sinizs\u0259, onun \u0259n az\u0131 ikili \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 kart\u0131na (WAN\/LAN) v\u0259 kifay\u0259t q\u0259d\u0259r disk sah\u0259sin\u0259 malik oldu\u011fundan \u0259min olun. RAM v\u0259 prosessor tutumu i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcnd\u0259n as\u0131l\u0131 olaraq art\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virtual Ma\u015f\u0131n:<\/strong> pfSense VMware, VirtualBox v\u0259 ya Proxmox kimi platformalarda virtual ma\u015f\u0131n kimi d\u0259 qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131la bil\u0259r. Bu \u00fcsul s\u0131naq m\u00fchitl\u0259rind\u0259 v\u0259 ya x\u0259rcl\u0259r\u0259 q\u0259na\u0259t t\u0259l\u0259b olundu\u011fu hallarda ideald\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qura\u015fd\u0131rma medias\u0131:<\/strong> USB yadda\u015f v\u0259 ya ISO fayl\u0131 haz\u0131rlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. R\u0259smi pfSense sayt\u0131ndan \u0259n son \u015f\u0259kil fayl\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259yi unutmay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Kurulum_Asamalari\"><\/span>pfSense Qura\u015fd\u0131rma Add\u0131mlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bu b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259 add\u0131m-add\u0131m <strong>pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> Prosesi izah ed\u0259c\u0259y\u0259m:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Ba\u015flan\u011f\u0131c m\u00fchitini haz\u0131rlay\u0131n:<\/strong><br \/>\nR\u0259smi pfSense sayt\u0131ndan (m\u0259s. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.netgate.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 qap\u0131s\u0131<\/a>) ISO fayl\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckl\u0259yin v\u0259 USB belle\u011fe yaz\u0131n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>BIOS\/UEFI Parametrl\u0259ri:<\/strong><br \/>\nKomp\u00fcterinizi v\u0259 ya serverinizi USB-d\u0259n y\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn qurun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Qura\u015fd\u0131rma Menyu:<\/strong><br \/>\nY\u00fckl\u0259m\u0259 ekran\u0131nda \u201cInstall pfSense\u201d se\u00e7in v\u0259 Enter d\u00fcym\u0259sini bas\u0131n. Sonra standart parametrl\u0259rl\u0259 davam edin v\u0259 ya ehtiyaclar\u0131n\u0131za uy\u011fun olaraq diski b\u00f6lm\u0259y\u0259 davam edin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parametrl\u0259r Fayllar\u0131 Y\u00fckl\u0259nir:<\/strong><br \/>\nQura\u015fd\u0131rma tamamland\u0131qdan sonra sistem yenid\u0259n ba\u015flayacaq v\u0259 sizi pfSense-in ilkin konfiqurasiya sehrbaz\u0131na aparacaq.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u018fsas \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 Parametrl\u0259ri:<\/strong><br \/>\nWAN v\u0259 LAN interfeysl\u0259rinin IP \u00fcnvan\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 alt \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 maskas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259yin edin. WAN ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn DHCP v\u0259 ya statik IP istifad\u0259 ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Bunlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131qdan sonra siz pfSense veb interfeysind\u0259 \u0259trafl\u0131 m\u0259lumat\u0131 g\u00f6r\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. <strong>pfSense parametrl\u0259ri<\/strong> B\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 ke\u00e7\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 add\u0131mlarla konfiqurasiyan\u0131 daha da f\u0259rdil\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Ayarlari_Onemli_Noktalar\"><\/span>pfSense Parametrl\u0259ri: Vur\u011fulamalar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>pfSense; O, NAT, VLAN, VPN v\u0259 trafikin formala\u015fmas\u0131 kimi qabaqc\u0131l x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259ri d\u0259st\u0259kl\u0259yir. <strong>pfSense parametrl\u0259ri<\/strong> Diqq\u0259t edilm\u0259li olan \u0259sas ba\u015fl\u0131qlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131lard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Firewall_Kurallari_Rules\"><\/span>1. Firewall Qaydalar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><strong>pfSense firewall<\/strong> qaydalar \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259niz\u0259 daxil olan v\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xan trafik\u0259 n\u0259zar\u0259t etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan verir. Siz LAN, WAN v\u0259 ya dig\u0259r interfeysl\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn x\u00fcsusi qaydalar yarada v\u0259 m\u00fc\u0259yy\u0259n protokollar\u0131, IP \u00fcnvanlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 ya portlar\u0131 m\u0259hdudla\u015fd\u0131ra bil\u0259rsiniz. \u018fsas odur ki, qayda s\u0131ras\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetirin: pfSense siyah\u0131da yuxar\u0131dan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru qayda uy\u011funlu\u011fu axtar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_NAT_Network_Address_Translation\"><\/span>2. NAT (\u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 \u00dcnvan\u0131n\u0131n T\u0259rc\u00fcm\u0259si)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>pfSense g\u0259l\u0259n v\u0259 ged\u0259n trafik \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn NAT qaydalar\u0131ndan istifad\u0259 edir. M\u0259s\u0259l\u0259n, sor\u011funu x\u00fcsusi daxili IP \u00fcnvan\u0131na y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirm\u0259k ist\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz (port y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirilm\u0259si). NAT qura\u015fd\u0131rman\u0131n m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m v\u0259 ard\u0131c\u0131l olaraq t\u0259min edilm\u0259si t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik z\u0259iflikl\u0259rini minimuma endirir.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_DHCP_ve_DNS_Ayarlari\"><\/span>3. DHCP v\u0259 DNS Parametrl\u0259ri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>pfSense DHCP server kimi i\u015fl\u0259y\u0259 bil\u0259r v\u0259 <strong>pfSense parametrl\u0259ri<\/strong> Siz b\u00f6lm\u0259d\u0259n IP-ni avtomatik olaraq \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259nizd\u0259ki cihazlara paylaya bil\u0259rsiniz. Siz h\u0259m\u00e7inin DNS y\u00f6nl\u0259ndirm\u0259 v\u0259 ke\u015fl\u0259m\u0259 parametrl\u0259rini konfiqurasiya ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz ki, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ril\u0259r daha s\u00fcr\u0259tli v\u0259 daha t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz DNS sor\u011fular\u0131 ed\u0259 bilsinl\u0259r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_VPN_Virtual_Private_Network\"><\/span>4. VPN (Virtual \u015e\u0259xsi \u015e\u0259b\u0259k\u0259)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Siz pfSense-d\u0259 OpenVPN v\u0259 IPsec kimi m\u00fcxt\u0259lif VPN h\u0259ll\u0259rini aktivl\u0259\u015fdir\u0259r\u0259k t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz uzaqdan ba\u011flant\u0131lar t\u0259min ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 i\u015f yerind\u0259ki uzaq ofisl\u0259ri birl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259k v\u0259 ya ev v\u0259 ofis aras\u0131nda \u015fifr\u0259li x\u0259tt yaratmaq \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_VLAN_Destegi\"><\/span>5. VLAN d\u0259st\u0259yi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>VLAN (Virtual LAN) seqmentl\u0259\u015fdirm\u0259y\u0259 ehtiyac\u0131 olan b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259\u015fkilatlarda v\u0259 ya \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 \u0259v\u0259zolunmaz x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tdir. pfSense vasit\u0259sil\u0259 VLAN-\u0131 konfiqurasiya etm\u0259kl\u0259 siz \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259d\u0259ki cihazlar\u0131 m\u00fcxt\u0259lif virtual \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 b\u00f6lm\u0259k v\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyi v\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259ni asanla\u015fd\u0131rmaq olar.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSensein_Avantajlari\"><\/span>pfSense-in \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pulsuz v\u0259 A\u00e7\u0131q M\u0259nb\u0259:<\/strong> Ticari firewall h\u0259ll\u0259ri il\u0259 m\u00fcqayis\u0259d\u0259 daha q\u0259na\u0259tcildir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geni\u015f Plugin D\u0259st\u0259yi:<\/strong> SNORT, Suricata kimi \u0259lav\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik modullar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 ya paketl\u0259ri asanl\u0131qla inteqrasiya ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Y\u00fcks\u0259k Performans v\u0259 \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik:<\/strong> M\u00fcvafiq avadanl\u0131q v\u0259 ya virtual m\u00fchit qurulduqda y\u00fcks\u0259k trafik h\u0259cmin\u0259 tab g\u0259tir\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130stifad\u0259\u00e7i dostu interfeys:<\/strong> Veb \u0259sasl\u0131 idar\u0259etm\u0259 paneli say\u0259sind\u0259 konfiqurasiya \u0259m\u0259liyyatlar\u0131 son d\u0259r\u0259c\u0259 sad\u0259dir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSensein_Dezavantajlari\"><\/span>pfSense-in \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmazl\u0131qlar\u0131<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00d6yr\u0259nm\u0259 \u0259yrisi:<\/strong> Konfiqurasiya add\u0131mlar\u0131 yeni ba\u015flayanlar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u00fcr\u0259kk\u0259b g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u0259st\u0259k:<\/strong> R\u0259smi icma d\u0259st\u0259yi g\u00fccl\u00fc olsa da, kommersiya d\u0259st\u0259yi \u0259ld\u0259 etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn \u0259lav\u0259 lisenziya v\u0259 ya xidm\u0259tl\u0259r t\u0259l\u0259b oluna bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yenil\u0259m\u0259 riskl\u0259ri:<\/strong> S\u0259hv v\u0259 ya n\u0259zar\u0259tsiz yenil\u0259m\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259nin pozulmas\u0131na s\u0259b\u0259b ola bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alternatif_Cozumler\"><\/span>Alternativ H\u0259ll\u0259r<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>PfSense g\u00fccl\u00fc se\u00e7im olsa da, m\u00fcxt\u0259lif ssenaril\u0259r \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn dig\u0259r h\u0259ll\u0259r d\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OPNsense:<\/strong> Bir pfSense \u00e7\u0259ng\u0259l. Ox\u015far interfeys v\u0259 x\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259r\u0259 malikdir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>IPFire:<\/strong> Firewall v\u0259 mar\u015frutla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 h\u0259lli kimi m\u0259\u015fhur alternativdir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ClearOS:<\/strong> Bu, \u0259sas\u0259n ki\u00e7ik v\u0259 orta biznes \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259 tutulmu\u015f server \u0259m\u0259liyyat sistemidir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9265 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pfsense-ayar-sayfasi.png\" alt=\"pfSense parametrl\u0259ri s\u0259hif\u0259si ekran\u0131\" width=\"514\" height=\"214\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pfsense-ayar-sayfasi.png 514w, https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pfsense-ayar-sayfasi-18x7.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Somut_Ornekler_ve_Senaryolar\"><\/span>Konkret N\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 Ssenaril\u0259r<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da <strong>pfSense firewall<\/strong> Konfiqurasiyan\u0131 nec\u0259 h\u0259yata ke\u00e7ir\u0259 bil\u0259c\u0259yiniz\u0259 dair konkret n\u00fcmun\u0259l\u0259r tapa bil\u0259rsiniz:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Korporativ \u015firk\u0259tl\u0259rd\u0259 istifad\u0259:<\/strong><br \/>\nBa\u015f ofis v\u0259 uzaq filiallar aras\u0131nda VPN \u0259laq\u0259l\u0259rinin yarad\u0131lmas\u0131, DHCP il\u0259 IP idar\u0259etm\u0259nin m\u0259rk\u0259zl\u0259\u015fdirilm\u0259si v\u0259 VLAN strukturu il\u0259 \u015f\u00f6b\u0259l\u0259rin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ev istifad\u0259si:<\/strong><br \/>\nFiber internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinin t\u0259min edilm\u0259si, u\u015faqlar\u0131n filtrasiyas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn m\u0259zmun filtrl\u0259m\u0259 plaginl\u0259rinin qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 v\u0259 Wi-Fi \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259sinin idar\u0259 edilm\u0259si.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hostinq M\u00fchitl\u0259ri:<\/strong><br \/>\nM\u0259lumat m\u0259rk\u0259zind\u0259 virtual pfSense i\u015fl\u0259tm\u0259kl\u0259, m\u00fc\u015ft\u0259ri serverl\u0259rini t\u0259crid edin v\u0259 s\u0131x trafik alt\u0131nda \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyini qoruyun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Konfigurasyon_Sonrasi_Onemli_Adimlar\"><\/span>pfSense konfiqurasiyas\u0131ndan sonra vacib add\u0131mlar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Qura\u015fd\u0131rma v\u0259 ilkin <strong>pfSense parametrl\u0259ri<\/strong> Prosedurdan sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dak\u0131 m\u0259qamlar\u0131 yoxlama\u011f\u0131 t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 edir\u0259m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Yed\u0259kl\u0259m\u0259:<\/strong> Onun parametrl\u0259rini m\u00fct\u0259madi olaraq yed\u0259kl\u0259yin. pfSense <em>Konfiqurasiya ehtiyat n\u00fcsx\u0259si<\/em> X\u00fcsusiyy\u0259tl\u0259 asanl\u0131qla ixrac ed\u0259 bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Giri\u015f Bax\u0131\u015f\u0131:<\/strong> Firewall qeydl\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 sistem qeydl\u0259rin\u0259 m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m olaraq n\u0259zar\u0259t edin. \u015e\u00fcbh\u0259li trafik v\u0259 ya s\u0259hvl\u0259r vaxt\u0131nda a\u015fkar edil\u0259 bil\u0259r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sertifikatlar:<\/strong> Veb interfeysi v\u0259 ya VPN parametrl\u0259ri \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn SSL\/TLS sertifikatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn qura\u015fd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan \u0259min olun.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yenil\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r:<\/strong> Yeni t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik yamaqlar\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 versiya yenil\u0259m\u0259l\u0259rini izl\u0259yin v\u0259 sisteminizi g\u00fcnc\u0259l saxlay\u0131n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-9264 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pfsense-kurulum-ekrani.png\" alt=\"pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131rma ekran\u0131\" width=\"554\" height=\"250\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pfsense-kurulum-ekrani.png 554w, https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/pfsense-kurulum-ekrani-18x8.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- \u00d6RNEK G\u00d6RSEL SONU --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Dahili Ba\u011flant\u0131 (i\u00e7 link) --><\/p>\n<p>Bu m\u00f6vzuda dig\u0259r t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizlik t\u0259limatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 n\u0259z\u0259rd\u0259n ke\u00e7irm\u0259k ist\u0259yirsinizs\u0259,<br \/>\n<a href=\"\/az\/kateqoriya\/t%c9%99hluk%c9%99sizlik\/\">M\u0259zmunumuza baxa bil\u0259rsiniz<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- Harici Ba\u011flant\u0131 (d\u0131\u015f link) --><\/p>\n<p>Daha \u00e7ox \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.netgate.com\/pfsense\/en\/latest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">R\u0259smi Netgate s\u0259n\u0259dl\u0259rin\u0259 bax\u0131n<\/a> Siz d\u0259 baxa bil\u0259rsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sikca_Sorulan_Sorular\"><\/span>Tez-tez veril\u0259n suallar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Kurulum_icin_Minimum_Sistem_Gereksinimleri_Nelerdir\"><\/span>pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Minimum Sistem T\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259ri hans\u0131lard\u0131r?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn minimum t\u0259l\u0259bl\u0259r ad\u0259t\u0259n 512 MB RAM v\u0259 1 GHz prosessor kimi ifad\u0259 edilir. Lakin <strong>pfSense parametrl\u0259ri<\/strong> V\u0259 <strong>pfSense firewall<\/strong> Onun \u00fcz\u0259rind\u0259 intensiv qaydalardan istifad\u0259 ed\u0259c\u0259ksinizs\u0259, daha g\u00fccl\u00fc avadanl\u0131q t\u00f6vsiy\u0259 olunur.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Uzerinde_VPN_Kurmak_Zor_mudur\"><\/span>pfSense-d\u0259 VPN qurmaq \u00e7\u0259tindirmi?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Xeyr, b\u0259l\u0259d\u00e7il\u0259r\u0259 \u0259m\u0259l etm\u0259kl\u0259 OpenVPN v\u0259 ya IPsec-i pfSense-d\u0259 asanl\u0131qla qura bil\u0259rsiniz. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 interfeys t\u0259limat\u0131 say\u0259sind\u0259 konfiqurasiya add\u0131mlar\u0131 add\u0131m-add\u0131m davam edir v\u0259 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizliyinizi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"pfSense_Ne_Kadar_Guvenlidir\"><\/span>pfSense n\u0259 q\u0259d\u0259r t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259sizdir?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>pfSense a\u00e7\u0131q m\u0259nb\u0259 icmas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n daim yenil\u0259n\u0259n v\u0259 s\u0131naqdan ke\u00e7iril\u0259n firewall v\u0259 mar\u015frutla\u015fd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 h\u0259llidir. O, m\u00fcnt\u0259z\u0259m yenil\u0259m\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn konfiqurasiya il\u0259 \u00e7ox t\u0259hl\u00fck\u0259siz m\u00fchit t\u0259min edir.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sonuc_ve_Ozet\"><\/span>N\u0259tic\u0259 v\u0259 X\u00fclas\u0259<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Bu t\u0259limatda <strong>pfSense qura\u015fd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong> m\u0259rh\u0259l\u0259l\u0259ri v\u0259 <strong>pfSense parametrl\u0259ri<\/strong> Bununla ba\u011fl\u0131 vacib m\u0259qamlar\u0131 h\u0259rt\u0259r\u0259fli m\u00fczakir\u0259 etdik. Aparat v\u0259 ya virtual m\u00fchit \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri, \u0259sas \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 parametrl\u0259ri, firewall qaydalar\u0131, NAT, VLAN v\u0259 VPN kimi prioritet b\u00f6lm\u0259l\u0259r pfSense-in g\u00fccl\u00fc al\u0259tidir. <strong>pfSense firewall<\/strong> h\u0259llini t\u0259min edir. \u00dcst\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u0259ri v\u0259 m\u0259nfi c\u0259h\u0259tl\u0259ri n\u0259z\u0259r\u0259 alaraq, alternativ h\u0259ll yollar\u0131n\u0131 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259k daha sa\u011flam q\u0259rar q\u0259bul etm\u0259y\u0259 imkan ver\u0259c\u0259k. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 korporativ \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259l\u0259rd\u0259 v\u0259 ya y\u00fcks\u0259k trafikli m\u00fchitl\u0259rd\u0259 d\u00fczg\u00fcn konfiqurasiya edilmi\u015f pfSense sistemi etibarl\u0131 v\u0259 y\u00fcks\u0259k performansl\u0131 \u015f\u0259b\u0259k\u0259 idar\u0259etm\u0259 t\u0259cr\u00fcb\u0259sini t\u0259min edir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Merhaba! Bu rehberde pfSense kurulum, pfSense ayarlar\u0131 ve pfSense firewall konular\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Bir\u00e7ok kurulu\u015fun ve bireysel kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f g\u00fcvenli\u011fi noktas\u0131nda tercihi olan pfSense, \u00fccretsiz ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu olmas\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karken; g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (firewall), esnek yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri, y\u00fcksek \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 sunar. Bu makalede pfSense\u2019in ne oldu\u011fu, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":94,"featured_media":9263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAow5YvFDA:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[454,456,457,455],"class_list":["post-9240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guvenlik","tag-pfsense","tag-pfsense-ayarlar","tag-pfsense-guvenlik","tag-pfsense-kurulum"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9240","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/94"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9240"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9240\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9240"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9240"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hostragons.com\/az\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9240"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}